banner



How To Clean Engine On 2012 Boxster S

  • Porsche Boxster used car buyers guide

Guide to Buying a Used Porsche Boxster

What Yous Must Know Earlier Ownership a Used Porsche Boxster

What are the pitfalls of buying a used Porsche Boxster?If you're in the market for a used Porsche Boxster, our guide volition help y'all find the bargain and avoid the bad investment. At that place's no fluff or niceties hither – at that place are plenty of resource online that bash on about equus caballus power, cosmetic variants, historical significance and the niceties of the Boxster. All well and good, only how do you tell a good mechanical Boxster from a bad one? What are the potential pitfalls? What known problems be and how do y'all avoid them? We have the answers you need.

Nosotros concentrate on the technical things that might toll y'all money later if you weren't aware of them prior to buying the car. In that location are risks if you're not cautious, but with some insights and careful shopping, in that location are bargains to exist had.

What Do We Already Know Nearly The Boxster?

Emerging from a combination of "Boxer" engine and "Roadster," the starting time-generation Porsche Boxster is heading for being 20 years old. However, the Boxster platform exists right upward to the current product 718. As a event, there's extensive knowledge available of common mechanical problems with these cars. The adept news is the Boxster is generally reliable and has aged gracefully.

The mid-engine ii-seater roadster pattern led Porsche sales book until the introduction of the Cayenne. The Boxster is well counterbalanced, responsive and easy to drive. Maintenance and running costs are at the low end of the Porsche buying calibration. Mechanically, the pattern is by and large solid, with the exception of a few items highlighted below.

In the used car market, you lot'll observe Boxster 986 (1997-2004), 987 (2005-2012), 981 (2012-2016) and electric current 718 versions available. Prices vary, however, in general the Boxster is a bargain with 986 and 987 models at very affordable prices. All models accept their own unique set of problems, notwithstanding, equally the Boxster has matured, there are definitely less catastrophic potential bug with the later versions. That doesn't mean ignore the early on versions, it simply ways more caution is required.

Spare Parts and Repairs

Spare parts for the used Boxster are still generally availableThe Boxster is piece of cake to upgrade from both a performance or corrective stand signal. It shares much of the 911 series parts, so availability of replacement components is easy. Most are all the same available direct from Porsche and a healthy used parts market exists to fill the gaps. At that place are plenty of 3rd-political party parts vendors online that can offering parts at lower cost than Porsche directly. There is too a practiced deal of experience and expertise in contained Porsche repair shops to help make the maintenance of your used Boxster price effective.

Maintenance Costs

You're buying a Porsche, so don't compare running costs to a pocket-sized domestic hatchback! Yes, parts and some labor costs will exist higher than a typical American or Japanese vehicle. Nevertheless, save for a few notable items discussed below, the Boxster is solid and reliable. You're going to pay a little more than for an oil change and standard maintenance items, nonetheless, don't effort to inexpensive these. Information technology's important to have the car inspected and serviced by a professional with genuine Porsche expertise. A skillful mechanical agreement of these cars can help place problems early on and save you coin in the long term. See our guide to Porsche repair shops for your local expert or contact us and we'll make a recommendation for you.

Maintenance Schedule

It'south important to understand where the Boxster you're considering buying, falls within it's recommended maintenance schedule. Maintenance schedules are based on mileage and elapsed time. Compare the known service history of the Boxster with our maintenance schedules. This should enable you to ameliorate understand the asking price, the about hereafter maintenance requirements of the car and perhaps help place a well maintained Boxster from a neglected one.

Buying a 7 year old car and not realizing major maintenance is due in the eighth twelvemonth, is not the smartest thing you can do!

get a used car inspection on your PorschePre-Purchase Inspection – PPI

The outset step, once you've identified a candidate, is to get a thorough inspection by a local Porsche skilful. The pre-purchase inspection is designed to place mechanical problems that may not be clearly evident at first glance. In our heir-apparent guide below we've extensively highlighted those potential issues to be on the look out for. Getting a repair history on the machine, if available, is helpful and volition instantly identify or eliminate potential problem areas.

The number of owners doesn't necessarily matter with a Porsche – the work and records performed do. Many owners are enthusiasts and will keep all the invoices from services or repairs.

If the seller wont let you inspect the car, walk abroad.

  • Porshe Boxster Buying Guide
Mileage and Service History

In 20 year onetime cars, higher mileage is not necessarily a bad thing. In fact, a Boxster that has been effectively used, could exist in a more superior condition than one that has an attractively low mileage reading. Low mileage cars tin can have hidden issues, so yous'll want to take a good await through any documented history available. A recognizable design of servicing on higher mileage cars is essential. On the lower mileage cars, timed intervals between services is the primal indicator.

Low mileage cars tin miss their planned service intervals and despite a lack of miles, significant wear and tear can accept place. Expect to see when the last time the plugs were changed – 10 years is the limit earlier plugs must be replaced. The restriction fluid should be flushed every ii or 3 years. Check the DOT on the tires – lots of tread doesn't mean they're healthy!  See more examples beneath.

What's it Similar to Alive With?

Boxster buyers guide for used carsIf you are a fan of top downwardly motoring, the Boxster is difficult to beat. It'southward a dandy little two seat coupe that handles nicely, is well balanced and cool with the elevation down.

All generations of the Boxster are easy to drive, park and take fun in. The ride quality and handling has improved through the versions, only even the original Boxster is nimble and fun. The original version is somewhat under powered and y'all certainly won't be setting lap records in it! Later versions certainly have a bit more cypher about them, but in general the Boxster was designed to not compete with the 911, so information technology will e'er be behind in operation.

From a applied standpoint, there's non much you tin practise other than drive it. There's actually no room for more than one small bag in the baggage area and the two seats provide just enough room for you and someone you care about – at least for now!

Early versions take plastic interior parts that easily go discolored due to wear and tear. Even so, there is a healthy used parts market that can solve some of those issues easily. Generally, the interior is well laid out and applied. The later on versions have better styled interiors than the original.

Without proper care, the convertible peak can rapidly go faded and worn. Replacement typically volition run you $1K but the results are spectacular and make the automobile look brand new. The early versions came with plastic rear windows in the convertible elevation that degrade speedily. If the top is in skillful status, yous can easily supervene upon this plastic window with a glass one – definitely adds value to the car.

The Boxster has quite large tires. If the car you buy has 19-inch rims, you'll exist looking at approx. $1k for a gear up of 4 tires. The rear tires will wear quicker than the fronts on the Boxster due to interruption setup. It's really of import to stay on tiptop of vehicle alignment – any loss of alignment on the rear of the Boxster will eat the inner shoulder of the rear tire apace. This is difficult to see considering information technology's and then far nether the car, but cheque information technology regularly or you'll be buying rear tires style more oftentimes than you expect.

What Would We Buy?

Boxster 987 can be a bargainIn that location was a time when the Boxster held the tiptop spot in the Porsche sales figures. However, the passing years have seen a steady pass up in popularity, with new 718 sales (which include the Cayman) reaching a mere 4200 in the Us for the whole of 2022! See our article Different Perspectives for more information.

The Boxster is a wonderful choice for practical top downward motoring. Right at present, the late 987 version is the likely candidate for best value for money although early on 718s are declining in value nicely. The balance with the Boxster used cost, is always, what kind of 911 tin yous buy for the aforementioned coin?

Late used 987 versions are still selling in the belatedly teens for vehicles with lower mileage with 718 versions just to a higher place them. This is a lot of motorcar for the coin – most of the issues with the Boxster were worked out of the design by the time the late 987 reached the showroom. The 718 version currently attracts too much money and we'd purchase an older 911 instead of a like priced later on 718 Boxster.

The deal is the early 986 or 987 version. Lower mileage version 986s are available for $8K! What a steal! Now, if you tin find a 986 that has had work completed on the areas of concern like the IMS bearing and has been well taken care of, you have a great car for really depression money.

Don't buy an automated 986 Boxster! Get the one with three pedals. The automatic version is not good for your sports car credibility and my lxxx-twelvemonth-former mother drives i! Someone did write and complain that the 986 auto was a practiced car and tin exist made to alter gear apace with the manual buttons. Yeah, no. Come ride with me in a 986 with transmission trans and I'll show you what I mean! The motorcar version is….. dull – sorry. That'southward great if you want dull, simply not me!

And so, if you're in the marketplace for buying a used Porsche Boxster what should you be paying attending to earlier you commit to buy?

Look Out For These Potential Mechanical Issues

IMS Bearing – Cars Up to 2006

IMS Bearing Failure PorscheThe M96 range of Porsche engines fitted to the 911 and Boxster up to 2006 had a catastrophic engine failure associated with the intermediate shaft bearing or IMS. At the cease of the intermediate shaft connecting both ends of the timing chain mechanisms, a depression price, self-lubricated ball begetting way bearing was installed – think of information technology similar a wheel bearing. Like wheel bearings, the IMS life is limited and it can come apart causing significant damage around the engine.

Much hype has been associated with this potential failure by people who accept to gain from information technology, notwithstanding the anecdotal show shows less than 5% of the bearings fail.  Porsche shipped approx. 77,000 vehicles to the Usa that could accept a bad IMS begetting. Even the most enthusiastic counting of IMS failures produces a total around 3500 or less than v%. This means there are more than 73,000 vehicles that oasis't had the problem yet or take been retrofit with a newer begetting.

The M96 engine cars built upwardly to 2000 are less susceptible to the failure than the afterwards ones. The early cars were fitted with a dual row bearing that was more than reliable so the later unmarried row bearing fitted to the M96 engine later on 2000.

Failure is expensive and normally results in engine replacement. Almost diligent owners opted to preempt the failure and replace the Porsche single row begetting with an LN dual row version. Cars that have had the IMS bearing replaced have a higher value than ones that haven't. So, replacing the bearing normally brings not only peace of heed, but a financial return when you sell the car.

If the bearing has been replaced, there will be a sticker and serial number of the bearing in the engine lid. All the bearings are series numbered and recorded with LN Engineering. If the bearing has been replaced in a manual auto, you lot should expect to see that the clutch was replaced at the same time.

Don't panic if the bearing hasn't been replaced – reduce the toll of the automobile in negotiation and allow nigh $3K for doing the work. Again, despite the hype, less than 5% fail – all y'all demand do is find a local Independent Porsche repair shop that can retrofit the IMS bearing for you.

Overheating – Cracked Cylinder Liners – 986 & 987

Cracked Cylinder liner Porsche 911 997The M96 and M97 flat half dozen engines fitted in the 986 and 987 Boxster are field of study to cracks in the liners of the cylinders. Each cylinder diameter in the case one-half is lined with a ane-piece sleeve or liner. The liner material is unlike from the surrounding case half and sometimes cracks can announced.

Results from a crack vary, just typically the most mutual is coolant loss with subsequent engine overheating. Sometimes, a crack in the cylinder liner tin can accept a considerable amount of running fourth dimension to fully open and cause problems. First, notation the coolant level when the engine is common cold. Have your time hither – you want to drive the auto for 30 mins.

After driving the car let it sit and idle. The front radiator fans should come on and the engine should maintain a steady temp.  If the engine continues to warm and volition eventually overheat, walk abroad.

Plough off and take a look at the coolant level – it should have risen and be falling back toward the cold level. If the level has gone down or is nonetheless at the common cold level, there could be a small coolant loss through a cracked liner. The trained nose can smell coolant from the exhaust when the engine is running.

A coolant sample should be free from oil or debris. Permit it sit down and carve up if necessary. Just don't open the cap when the engine is hot!  A Porsche repair shop tin can definitely assistance here.

  • Buying Guide for Used Porsche Boxster - avoid the pitfalls
Cylinder Scoring – The Deadly Knocking Noise – 986 & 987

cylinder scoring - 996 carreraElevator the motorcar and have a listen from below while the engine is running. Yous might need a repair shop to do that for you.  You'll hear the M96 and M97 flat 6 engine in the Boxster make a consistent ticking sound.  Much of this is the proximity of your ear to the valve railroad train and the exhaust headers.  Notwithstanding, there is a distinctly unlike sound that identifies with a particular effect that you don't want to hear.

These engines are famed for cylinder scoring – deep gouges in the cylinder liner, usually associated with a knocking noise and somewhen catastrophic engine failure. The root cause of this upshot is open to give-and-take, nonetheless, wear in the piston rings and liners causes the piston to wobble.  The wobble occurs at the lesser of the stroke and results in the piston skirt dragging confronting the cylinder wall thereby scoring the liner.

The sound your listening for is not a tick; it'south a rhythmic knock and usually shows up beginning on the rider bank of the flat 6 engines – although, information technology can announced on whatever cylinder. The rhythmic knock is the piston irresolute position at the bottom of the stroke and hit the liner. In many cases, even with the head off the engine, the scoring cannot be seen until the piston is removed – information technology can be mode down at the bottom of the cylinder below the lowest point the rings meet the walls. Sometimes information technology can be seen by scoping down the spark plug tube, but the best view without disassembling the engine, comes from removing the oil pan and scoping from the inside.

The only way out of this is an engine rebuild – So, avoid this car.

Cam to Crank Timing Difference – All Chassis

check the engine timing status on a Porsche 911 996Timing is everything; especially in one-act and engines! The opening and endmost of valves, the piston rising and falling in the cylinder and a spark are required at precise times during an engine rotation. The major moving parts are connected past chains and these ensure the relationship between those moving parts is maintained regardless of the rotational speed. The rotation is measured in degrees of a total circle. And then, for example, at degree nil; piston 1 should be at the summit of the cylinder and the intake and exhaust valves closed. This is known as tiptop dead center or TDC.

Naturally over time, the components supporting those timing chains will clothing – the concatenation itself, guide rails, tensioners etc. will all wear and crusade a difference in the precise timing angles between camshafts and crankshaft. The engine management system is measuring the angles in every rotation and within a range of angles, can adjust the timing of fuel commitment and spark to compensate for clothing changes.   Nonetheless, extended article of clothing can produce an bending outside of the allowed deviation range and a error condition will be set.

The earlier Boxster experienced issues with stretching timing chains and pregnant clothing on the timing guide rails. This caused a nasty rattle at startup and generally set faults during acceleration. Most of these issues were corrected in after cars, but during the life of an engine you lot should look that these vital timing components volition wear.

You need a clear picture of where the used vehicle you lot advise to buy is in this wear process. A competent Porsche repair store tin can tell y'all what the deviation angle betwixt the cam and creepo is during a used car inspection. This is a uncomplicated read from a diagnostic device and a articulate indicator as to the health of the engine timing.

The change in angle will affect functioning and is almost certainly not something y'all could selection up on during a test drive of an unfamiliar automobile. Replacing the bondage, guides and tensioners to right this problem is not an inexpensive proposition – it is however, relatively straightforward if your budget allows.

Fault Codes and Over-Revs – All Chassis

Before buying any auto, information technology is essential to be certain when the concluding time the engine management fault codes were cleared and to cheque the status of the emission monitors. It's non difficult for a seller to clear the faults just before you make it to test drive. Clearing the engine faults besides resets the emissions monitor system to a state of "not fix." Emission monitor tests often occur over multiple drive cycles and later on a reset, faults may not return for a pregnant number of miles. Again, this is easy for a competent shop to bank check or indeed the DIYer using a handheld scanner.

How hard has the car been driven? Taking the engine to the blood-red line for RPM is a good affair, only going over the red line obviously can crusade damage. A gear change at scarlet line volition actually crusade the revs to increase slightly momentarily – goose egg bad here. Simply, if you select the wrong gear, the engine revs to go way over the red line. This is the famous "miss-shift" that has acquired many engine explosions.

Thankfully, Porsche engine management records many things and ane of the most meaning is known as an over-rev situation. Information is permanently stored within the ECU showing running hours and when engine events occurred. There are half-dozen levels of over-revs recorded ranging from the engine being red-lined through to what would be a potentially catastrophically high RPM issue. Events in the first category suggests the car has been properly exercised, but events in the college categories could be hiding a potential life shortening engine event.

Many Porsche owners similar to become to track days. On the track, gear changes will occur right around the rpm maximum red line. These events will be recorded if they reach the lower levels of the over rev counter. Multiple recorded events in the lower over-rev categories could be a sign of how much rail time the car has experienced.

We recommend you use the assist of a Porsche Repair Shop to read this data and give you lot an assessment.

Oil Leaks – All Chassis

Porsche Boxster common problems - oil leaksThere are some common areas where oil leaks occur on the Boxster engine. Virtually are hands fixed and are part of the normal wear and tear process. One of the most common areas for an oil leak is the engine rear main seal. Run into our mutual problems folio for more information. Leaking oil used to just exist seen equally a abrasive stain on the driveway and a potential fire hazard. However, modern cars feature many electronic engine management systems that can potentially be severely damaged by oil ingress.

Oil leaks should not be a bulwark to buy, only they should be considered in terms of the buy price – what appears to be a minor oil leak could turn into an expensive task. Again, this is where a competent shop should be able to accurately asses and relay the cost of an oil leak repair.

Air Oil Separator

An integral part of the emissions organization, the Air Oil Separator (AOS) is designed to extract oil from gases in the crankcase, recycle the oil to the sump and send the gas through the combustion path to be burnt and cleaned by the catalytic converters. The AOS has caused numerous issues on Porsche engines.

Equally the membrane in the AOS fails, oil is sucked into the air intake. Initially this tin show up as a bank check engine light for fuel adaptations and the oil can exist deposited on the o2 sensors and crusade emission faults. Of class, in one case it fails completely and oil is sucked into the intake, the resultant huge clouds of white smoke are fairly obvious. At that point, it's clear what needs to be done. Notwithstanding, replacing the aos sooner, rather than later, is a good precaution.

A failing aos is the likely cause of rear main seal failure, as it is in other VAG cars. Crankcase gas is not extracted well plenty, pressure builds in the case under acceleration and escapes out of the rear main seal causing seal failure and the resultant oil leak. A failing aos too causes oil laissez passer into the intake and will cause the engine management to suit fuel mixtures. The irresolute mixture can cause over fueling and lead to other more significant bug.

Check to see when the last replacement of the AOS was completed on the car yous plan to buy. If there is no record, plan to replace information technology as a precaution.

  • Used Porsche Boxster Buying Guide
Soft Top – All Chassis

check the roof operation before buying a boxsterMake sure yous spend fourth dimension checking the operation of the roof to ensure it goes upwards and down smoothly. Many of the known problems with the opening & closing machinery should have been resolved during the previous owner's fourth dimension. Well-nigh of the top bug are ordinarily simple and inexpensive to fix, only can be annoying if y'all but discover them when you want to drop the peak on your first sunny day.

Porsche revised the machinery that operates the top a few times during the life of the Boxster. Older original versions of the mechanism have parts that cannot be serviced. They need to be replaced with the entire revised system.  Worth checking the history on the auto to come across if any work on the tiptop has been recorded.

Chiefly, look for signs of leaks from the roof into the cabin. Await behind the seats in particular.  The rear roof drains can go blocked by leaves and debris over time. This results in rainwater dripping into an expanse of the cabin in which electronic command units are located. It is elementary plenty to keep the drains clear, but failing to practice so can exist an expensive and annoying oversight.

If the top has the plastic rear window, don't exist surprised to run across this fogged. Check advisedly for signs of cracks or degrading of the stitching around this window. This can be stock-still relatively merely by a competent upholstery store.

Bodywork – All Chassis

Corrosion is a rare item on the bodywork of the Porsche Boxster. Vehicles in the Midwest can showroom some degrading of the lower panels if they take been subjected to road chemicals. Even so, nearly Porsche owners store their cars over the winter to avoid this. The bodywork of the Boxster 986 should be in perfect status – in many cases the paint will accept faded. Make friends with a good detailer who can do some paint restoration for you.

Suspension and Tires – All Chassis

increased tire wear inner rear shoulder 911The suspension on the Boxster is very solid. Naturally, over time and mileage wear can occur in plastic or safety bushings that aid to cushion the ride.  Listen out for squeaks or clunks over bumps and check for leaks from the suspension struts.

Worn pause components typically exhibit some racket and volition evidence up as uneven tire wear. Check the tires thoroughly for smooth wear patterns and pay attention to the tire DOT engagement. This is the date the tires were manufactured and y'all'll want to run into a date that is no more 5 years earlier. Low mileage cars in particular have this trouble – the tires practice not experience wear considering of the lack of mileage.  However, tires have a shelf life and volition degrade while they sit; lots of tread doesn't always mean a healthy tire. Despite the tread remaining, a tire that is more than 5 years old could rapidly dethrone or fail when y'all're driving.

On any Porsche, make sure you get under the auto and have a good expect at the inner shoulders of the tires – this is the well-nigh common place for extreme habiliment and the near likely to exist missed past a walk round the exterior.

Transmission & Clutch – All Chassis

The manual and automated transmissions on the Boxster are generally highly reliable.  Both should change gear smoothly and without any hesitation. The auto transmission tin can be scanned for faults but rarely has issues. Fluid services tin can be performed on both transmissions and the duration of the time interval is quite high. Look for previous indications this has been done or understand where the car is in terms of time related fluid changes for the manual. Typically, problems with the automatic transmission usually spell replacement – not inexpensive!

How long does a clutch last?

Porsche clutch replacement may need a flywheel as wellThe answer depends on who is driving the car! We've seen customers destroy a clutch in 15K miles and we've also seen many that take more than 100K miles on them. Wear on the Boxster clutch should be very noticeable. Engine revs will increase while the car does not advance. This is usually associated with a nasty called-for odor. A slipping clutch spells trouble.

When the clutch slips it very chop-chop does harm to the flywheel. Replacing the flywheel on the Boxster is simple during the clutch piece of work, but typically adds $700 to the overall cost in parts alone! Check the used Boxster yous plan to buy for clutch replacement history and plan to have to exercise the work at some point in the hereafter.

Brakes – All Chassis

check-for-brake-wear-cayenn-pccbThe brakes on the Boxster are generally excellent. Brake pad material does degrade over time, so again on depression mileage examples cheque to see when the last brake service was performed. The brake fluid should exist changed every few years regardless of mileage. Again, a competent shop should exist able to measure out the moisture content in the brake fluid and recommend the next flush interval. If in doubt, flush the fluid.

Look for new pads on onetime rotors. Both the pads and rotors should e'er be inverse at the aforementioned fourth dimension. Used car centers are famed for just replacing the pads on old rotors and claiming the automobile has new brakes. There should exist a vesture lip on the rotor and the size of that lip volition determine how much mileage remains. Worn rotors crack or disintegrate which tin be particularly unpleasant when driving!

  • Buyers Guide to a Used Porsche Boxster
Coolant radiators and air-conditioning condensers – All Chassis

debris-round-front-radiator-porscheThe design of the Boxster has the placement of the coolant radiators and air-conditioning condensers low down in the front bumper. The position and open vent nature of the blueprint leaves them not only susceptible to stone impacts, but also to corrosion due to the buildup of droppings and clay that is stuck close to the side of the radiators.

These front ducts need to be cleaned out regularly or protected by an aftermarket screen. The front end bumper has to be removed to reach the radiators and most owners never do it.

Accept a wink light and look closely to encounter whether the front air intakes are full of rotting leaves and droppings when you inspect the Boxster. Damaged or corroded coolant radiators and AC condensers cannot be repaired and must be replaced. Check the Ac works and look for signs of a dry white pulverization stain under the bumper cover – this is a telltale sign of a pocket-size coolant leak.

Frazzle and Catalytic Converters – 986 – 987

The exhaust on the older Boxster is now starting to show up every bit an effect. Cracks in the exhaust manifolds are becoming more common. Often the crack is subsequently the collector and in the main piping ahead of the catalytic converter. Replacement of the header section is required.

For the older Boxster, Porsche does not provide the exhaust header parts whatsoever more than, then aftermarket replacement is the only choice. The same is true for the catalytic converter sections, which over time will need to be replaced to maintain emission standards.  Frequently the catalytic converters dethrone internally and will autumn apart. This can lead to a nasty rattle or worse a blocked frazzle – this is to be avoided if at all possible.

Hello or Proficient Purchase

The older Boxster is an excellent way to enter the Porsche ownership globe for like shooting fish in a barrel money. Buying allows you access to the PCA regions around the country and tin plow you into an enthusiast, without breaking the bank! The Boxster is very pretty and a fun car, so look past the sparkle and exercise your research. Uncovering a good one as they age is not always simple, simply they can exist tremendous fun to ain for a relatively pocket-sized investment. Later versions, such equally the 981, remain extremely strong cars and savor relatively few issues.

We strongly recommend making friends at your local Independent Porsche repair shop.

  • PcarWise Porsche Knowledge Portal | Porsche Repair Shop | Common Problems | Buying Guides | Vintage Porsche Specialists | PCA | Track Days | Porsche Dealers | News

Source: https://www.pcarwise.com/local-help/used-porsche-buyers-guide/buying-a-used-porsche-boxster/

Posted by: scottofirther73.blogspot.com

0 Response to "How To Clean Engine On 2012 Boxster S"

Post a Comment

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel